file system structure Fat 16, Fat 32 EXT2 and EXT3

FAT 16

FAT16

 is a file system that uses the allocation unit that has a limit of up to 16-bit, so it can store up to 216 units of allocation (65536 pieces). This file system has a capacity limit of up to 4 Gigabyte sizes only. Allocation unit size used by the FAT16 partitiondepends on the capacity that was about to be formatted: if the partition size is less than 16 megabytes, then Windows will use the FAT12 file system, and if the partition sizelarger than 16 megabytes, then Windows will use the FAT16 file system. The following table contains information any operating system that supports the FAT16 file system. 

This is the 16-bit version of the FAT file system. The 16-bit part describes the way units are allocated on the drive. The FAT16 file system uses a 16-bit number to identify each allocation unit (called cluster), and this gives it a total of 65.536 clusters. The size of each cluster is defined in the boot sector of the volume (volume = partition). The File System ID number usually associated with FAT16 volumes are 04h and 06h. The first is used on volumes with less than 65536 sectors (typical this is on drives less than 32 Mb in size), and the latter one is used on volumes with more than 65536 sectors. There is also another variant which is used with the LBA address mode, that variant has a File System ID of 0Eh. I do not know if the LBA variant is different from the CHS type. So far I don't se why anything should be changed to support LBA addresses.

FAT (File Allocation Table) is also known as FAT16 is a file system used by MS-DOSand other Windows operating systems to manage file storage. File Allocation Table(FAT) is a data structure created by Windows when you format a volume by using FAT orFAT32 file system. Windows stores information about each file in the FAT so that it cantake a file at a later time.

FAT 16:
- Max size of 4 Gigabyte filer
- Max number of files 268 435 437
- Max length of file names 255
- Max size of partition 2 Gigabyte
- Have the file permissions 

FAt 32

FAT32 is a derivative of the File Allocation Table (FAT) file system. FAT32 supportssmaller cluster sizes and larger volumes than FAT, the result is a more efficient space allocation on FAT32 volume. Introduced to the public when the windows 98 era. FAT32uses 32-bit cluster address that allows it to create partitions of up to 124 gigabytes, butwhen we do the direct format of windows, it is limited to 32 gigabytes. 

FAT 32:
- Max size of 4 Gigabyte filer
- Max number of files 65 517
- Max length of file names 255
- Max size of partition 2 Terabyte
- Have the file permissions 

NTFS

NTFS (NT File System) is an advanced file system that provides performance, security,reliability, and advanced features not found in FAT version. For example, NTFSguarantees volume consistency by using standard transaction records and recovery techniques. If the system fails, NTFS uses file records and checkpoint information torestore the consistency of the file system. On Windows 2000 and Windows XP, NTFSalso provides advanced features such as file and folder permissions, encryption, diskquotas, and kompresi.Pada large file system partition is max 256 Terra Byte while 16Terra Bytes of data. 

NTFS is a file system that is flexible and powerful as we can see the simple file system model. The most useful feature of NTFS were:

Recoverabilitas: high on the list of requirements for W2K file system which is the ability toreturn from a broken system and disk errors. 

EXT 2

EXT2 file system, a large block is determined when the file system is created with the command mk2fs. If a large block is 1024 bytes, then a large file with 1025 bytes will be wearing two blocks. This means that we throw away a half a block per file. EXT2 defines the file system topology by providing the sense that every file on the systemdiasosiasiakan the inode data structure. A shows the block where the inode in a file onevery file access rights, file modification time, and file type. Each file in the EXT2 filesystem consists of a single inode and each inode has a unique identification number.Inode inode-stored in the file system inode table. Directory in the EXT2 file system is aspecial file that contains a pointer to the inode of each directory contents. Image structureinode in the ext2 file system EXT2 inode inode ext2 image is the basic framework that builds EXT2.